Tenth Week of the Native Orchid Season - Phantom Orchids, Two Coralroots and Mountain Lady's Slippers

June 9-15

One trip only this week and that a bit hurried since we had a grandson and friend with us and had to keep them entertained while trying to take photographs.  The weather was not very cooperative either with a lot of rain and cool weather, but we did get so see some of our native orchids.

The first stop was in the Columbia River gorge where we hiked to see the Phantom Orchids, Cephalanthera austiniae, and the Spotted and Vreeland's Coralroots (Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata and Corallorhiza striata var. vreelandii) in bloom.

The Phantom Orchid is the only species of its genus found here in North America.  The other species are all Eurasian.  It is also the only species in its genus that is mycotrophic, without leaves or chlorophyll, and though quite rare is found in abundance at the site we visited.

In the same area we did find some Vreeland's Coralroots still blooming but most of the Coralroots were finished there.  We looked for the Striped Coralroot which we had found there in the past but found none. It has larger and more open flowers than Vreeland's.

We also found in that area two color forms of the Spotted Coralroot, the red-stemmed form, Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata fma. rubra, and the yellow-stemmed form, Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata fma. flavida, the latter quite rare and hard to find.

On our way home we visited a site on east slopes of the Cascades where hundreds of Mountain Lady's Slippers, Cypripedium montanum, are blooming.  I had been there several weeks earlier and had found the dark forms blooming, but not the flowers that are more greenish.

Ninth Week of the Native Orchid Season - Yellow Lady's Slippers, Eastern Fairy Slippers and Four Coralroots

June 2-8

This week on a trip to eastern Washington we revisited the site where we had found the beautiful mixed population of Mountain and Yellow Lady's Slippers, Cypripedium montanum, Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin and their natural hybrid, Cypripedium x columbianum. We not only enjoyed them for a second time but went on to look for Lady's Slippers in two other locations.  The first site was posted against trespassing and we were not able to search there, but at the second site we found Slippers, probably Cypripedium montanum, not yet in bloom.

Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin

Cypripedium x columbianum

 Cypripedium montanum var. welchii

We also had opportunity to see the Eastern Fairy Slipper, Calypso bulbosa var. americana.  It is different from the western variety, var. occidentalis, in three ways, it has a yellow beard on the lip where the Western Fairy Slipper has a white beard, it lacks the brown spotting on the end of the lip that the western variety has, and it blooms later.  This variety is found all across Canada and the northern United States, while the western variety is found only in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California and British Columbia.

Calypso bulbosa var. american fma. rosea

The majority of the Fairy Slippers were the all-pink variety, Calypso bulbosa var. americana fma. rosea.  Whether these bloom a little later than the white variety of which we found only a few, or whether they are almost all the pink form in this location, I do not know.  We looked for the all-white variety and for the natural hybrid between the eastern and western varieties but found neither.  It was a delight to these Fairy Slippers, however since we do not see them on our side of the mountains.

Later in the week I made a brief trip to a number of places on Whidbey and Fidalgo Islands and found five different Coralroots in bloom.  At one location it was the pale form of the Western Coralroot, Corallorhiza mertensiana fma. pallida, that was blooming.  I not only photographed some of the different color forms but found two plants of a near-alba form.  The alba form is fma. albolabia, yellow with a completely white lip, but these were not quite that since they had some purple color in the lip.

At several sites I found the Spotted Coralroot blooming, either the ordinary variety, Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata, or the western variety, Corallorhiza maculata var. occidentalis, and some different color forms in each variety.  These are distinguished by the shape of the lip, bloom time and flower shape.  The ordinary variety has a lip with more or less parallel sides, a later bloom time, and flowers that are quite cupped.  The western variety has a rounded lip and an earlier bloom time.

Corallorhiza maculata var. occidentalis

Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata

At one of the same sites as I found the Spotted Coralroot I also found the Ozette Coralroot, another variety of the Spotted Coralroot, Corallorhiza maculata var. ozettensis.  This variety is quite rare, found only in a few locations in Washington and British Columbia, and blooms in the location where I saw it along with and alongside the Spotted Coralroot, Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata. It is worth traveling some distance to see since it is very different from the other varieties, though obviously a Coralroot.

The most unusual find of the day was growing with the Ozette Coralroots and appears to be a hybrid or intermediate form between the Western Coralroot and the Ozette Coralroot.  At first glance it appears to be the Ozette Coralroot itself  since the distinctive stem and flower color and lip shape are the same, but both flowers and lip are spotted.  It was also growing in and among the Ozettes in the places I found it.  I had found a stem or two previous years but this year there were many of them.

These would probably still be classified as Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata, but they do not look like any I've ever seen and their visible similarity to the Ozette Coralroots is striking.  I am making efforts to contact the man who originally described the Ozette Coralroots in order to get his thoughts on this interesting plants.